$B=$O@!V9bNp
($BBh(J2$B>O!'9bNp

97 $B8|@8>J
98 $B:dK\=EM:(J, $B;3OFDg;JJTCx!'(JIbid., pp. 11-12
99 $B>>860lO:JTCx!'(JIbid., p. 36$B!!$J$*!"<#NE8e$b$J$*0eNE5!4X$G$NF~1!$r7QB3$;$6$k$rF@$J$$$H$$$&0UL#$K$*$$$F!"!V$B!XCOJ}J,8"$N@oN,!Y(J, $BBh0l=qNS(J, $BEl5~(J, p. 113)$B!#(J
100 $B:dK\=EM:(J, $B;3OFDg;JJTCx!'(JIbid., pp. 11-12
101 $B2l=8C];R!'(J1989,$B!XO7?M4G8n$N4pK\!Y(J, $B0e3X=q1!(J, $BEl5~(J, p. 36
102 $B$3$NBP>]@_Dj$O!"8e=R$9$k!VO7?MJ]7r;\@_!W$N@)EYE*;V8~$K4p$E$/$b$N$G$"$k!#$3$N!V8BDj$5$l$?BP>]!W$N%K!<%:$,==J,$K9MN8$5$l$?%5!<%S%9BN7O$,@0$&$N$J$i$P!"9q8K$NG[J,E*@55A$K4p$E$$$F!"Ev3:%5!<%S%9$NBP>]$G$"$kEv;ve$2Ey$N:b@/D4@0$N4QE@$+$i$N$_BP1~$9$k$N$O!"$d$O$jLdBj$G$"$k$@$m$&!#Ev;v
103 $B>>860lO:JTCx!'(JIbid., p. 36$B!!$3$NLdBj$K4XO"$7$F!"0J2<$N6=L#?<$$;v2$G$"$C$?IB1!IB>2?t$O!"(J1973$BG/$K$O(J113$BK|>2$^$G>e>:$7$?!#$5$i$K!"(J(2) $BF1G/$+$i(J70$B:P0J>e$NO7?M0eNEHqL5NA2=$,e$N:_1!452?t$NA}2C(J (55$BK|>2(J) $B$N$&$A!"(J8$B3d0J>e$,9bNp
104 $B$J$*!"5r=P6b$N(J2$BJ,$N(J1$B$O3FJ]81$J$i$J$$!W$H$$$&(J ($B:dK\=EM:(J, $B;3OFDg;JJTCx!'(JIbid., p. 13)$B!#(J
105 $B2OLn5W!'(J1984,$B!VO7?MJ]7rK!$N@.N)2aDx(J - $BN>5D1!$N=$@5$rCf?4$H$7$F!W(J,$B!X%8%e%j%9%H!Y(J, 805$B9f(J, $BM-He3U(J, $BEl5~(J, pp. 92-94
106 $BJe7G=q$r;2>H$N>e!"I.
107 $B!VB`?&e$Ne(J70$B:PL$K~$Ne$2!"$=$NHqMQ$rB`?&HoMQ2G$7!"HoMQ$B!Xc$H?M8"!Y(J, $BR&Ap=qK<(J, $BEl5~(J, p. 186)$B!#(J
108 $BEv;~$Ne$2(J ($B30Mh(J1$B%+7n(J400$B1_$r(J800$B1_$K!"F~1!$N(J1$BF|(J300$B1_$,(J400$B1_$K(J)$B!"(J(2) $B2CF~e$2(J (1980$BG/EY(J80$B!s!"(J87$B!A(J89$BG/EY(J90$B!s!"(J90$BG/EY0J9_$O(J100$B!s$HCJ3,E*$K0z$->e$2$k(J)$B!"(J(3) $BO7?MJ]7r;\@_$NAO@_$G$"$k!#$J$*!"(J(1)$B$H(J(2)$B$K$D$$$F$O!"9q8KIiC4$N7Z8:2=$N
109 $B9>8}N4M5!'(J1994,$B!V$o$,9q0eNEJ]81@)EY$NFCD'$H:#8e$N2]Bj!W(J,$B!XcK!!Y(J, $BBh(J9$B9f(J, $BF|K\c3X2q(J, p. 58$B!!(J
110 $B
111 $B
112 $B$J$*!"O7?M0eNE]l9g$K$O!";T(J ($B6h(J) $BD.B2A$7!"$=$l0J30$OJ?6QE*$JHqMQ$N3[$r4pAC$H$7$FDj$a$i$l$k!#$?$@$7!"
113 $B>e7G=q(J, p. 86
114 $B:dK\=EM:(J, $B;3OFDg;JJTCx!'(JIbid., pp. 11-12$B!!F1=q$K$h$l$P!"!VO7?MJ]7rK!;\9T8e(J10$BG/$,7P2a$7$?8=:_!"Ev=i$NN)K!e$G!"$=$NIiC4$,$H$j$o$19bNp2G$5$l$?LdBj$K$D$$$F!V7r9/8"$d0eNEJ]>c$N;kE@$+$i$O!"5U$K?<9o$J>u67$,@8$8$?!W$3$H$K$D$$$F$b8@5Z$5$l$F$$$k!#$3$l$i$NLdBj$K4X$7$F$O!V7r9/$N<+8J@UG$O@$r4pAC$K$7$?0eNEHqM^@)!W$H!VJ]7r$H0eNE$NO"7H!&Am9g2=!W$r$a$0$k%8%l%s%^$N9M;!$H$7$F!"K\O@Cf$G8e=R$9$k$3$H$H$9$k!#(J
115 $B0f>e1QIW!'!V7r9/8"$H9bNpc!W(J,$B!XcK!!Y(J, $BBh(J9$B9f(J, $BF|K\c3X2q(J, p. 79
116 $B8|@8>J
117 $BF1>e(J, p. 586
118 $B$J$*!"(J1973 ($B>.$7$h$&$H$9$k!"C;MmE*$J0eNEHqM^@)@/:v$re=!$B!XJ!;c$O7P:Q$r3h$+$9!Y(J, $BR&Ap=qK<(J, $BEl5~(J, pp. 156-161) $B$b$"$k!#(J
119 $B8|@8>J
120 $BcF~Lg!W(JP. 64)
121 $B:dK\=EM:(J, $B;3OFDg;JJTCx!'(JIbid., p. 16$B!!$J$*!"$3$N;~4|0J9_!"J]7r!&0eNE!&J!;c$NAm9g2=$,:b8;LL$r4^$a$F@)EYE*$KE83+$5$l$F$$$/(J ($B9>8}N4M5!'(JIbid., p. 58)$B!#(J
122 $B>>860lO:!'(JIbid., p. 8
123 $BJ?@.(J2$BG/K!N'(J58$B9f!!F1K!$K$h$j!")!O7?MJ!;cK!!")"?HBN>c32
124 $B8|@8>J
125 $B@nB<6)M3!'(J1998,$B!X2p8nJ]81AmE@8!!Y(J, $B%_%M%k%t%!=qK<(J, $B5~ET(J, p. 11
126 $B8|@8>J$B!X, $BBh0lK!5,=PHG(J, $BEl5~(J, p. 5$B!!F1?^$O!"O7?MJ!;cK!EyJ!;cH,K!$N2~@5$N
127 $BF1>e(J, pp. 11-12
128 $B9b66N.N$;R(J, $B:4F#5WIW!'(J1992,$B!X%j%O%S%j%F!<%7%g%s8&5f!Y(J, $BBh(J73$B9f(J, $BF|K\>c32c32c32$N$J$$9bNpc32H$7$?>e$G!"K\O@$G$O!"9bNpe$2$F9M;!$K7k$S$D$1$k$b$N$G$"$k!#(J
129 $B9bEg?J!'(J1990,$B!XD69bNp, $BBg7n=qE9(J, $BEl5~(J, pp. 22-23$B5Z$S(Jpp. 140-157$B!!$J$*!"F1=q$K$h$l$P!"(J1980$BG/Be$rDL$8$F$N$o$,9q$NJ!;c$K$*$1$k4pK\E*$JJ}8~$O(J "$BF|K\E*2HB2I^M\&IJ2=(J" $B$G$"$C$?!W$H=R$Y$i$l$F$$$k!#$D$^$j!"A02G$7!"$"$k$$$O!"IT==J,$JA0$NJ!;c@/:v$K$*$1$k!V0BD>$JM}2r!W$KBP$9$kHcH=$G$"$k!#$^$?!"8e&IJ2=$N!V5UA*Br!W$H$7$F!VMxMQA0$NJ!;c@/:v$KBP$9$kHcH=$G$"$k!#(J
130 $BF|K\J[8n;NO"9g2q!'(JIbid., p. 154$B!!$J$*!"F1=q$G$O!V9bNp
131 1995$BG/!"F|K\J[8n;NO"9g2q$,!"A49q(J166 ($B2sEz?t(J139) $B$N<+<#BN$K9T$C$?J!;c%5!<%S%9$N8=>u$H!VO7?MJ]7rJ!;c7W2h!W$K4X$9$k%"%s%1!<%HD4::$N2sEz7k2L$G$"$k!#F1D4::$G$O!"%"%s%1!<%H2sEz$7$?;TD.B<$N$&$A!"$=$NAm?t$rA4BN(J (139$B7o(J)$B!"ETF;I\8)D#=j:_CO$N;T$N=89g(J ($B9bCN;T$r=|$/(J) $B$r!V(JA$B%0%k!<%W!W(J(44$B7o(J)$B!"3FETF;I\8)$+$iCj=P$7$?(J2$BK|?MDxEY$ND.$N=89g$r!V(JB$B%0%k!<%W!W(J(39$B7o(J)$B!"%^%9%3%_$dJ88%$GIQHK$Ke$2$i$l$F$$$k!"?J$s$@J!;c$d0eNE$Ne0L(J5$B0L!"2<0L(J5$B0L$N=89g$r!V(JE$B%0%k!<%W!W(J(9$B7o(J) $B$H$7$FJ,N`$7$?!#$J$*!"F1D4::$G$O!"!V$^$H$a!W$H$7$F!V2HB22p8n$K0MB8$7$?$^$^$N%5!<%S%9BN@)$N8=>u$H!"<+<#BN4V3J:9$NBg$-$5!W$r;XE&$7$F$$$k!#>\:Y$K$D$$$F$O!"F|K\J[8n;NO"9g2q!'(JIbid., pp. 110-163$B$r;2>H$5$l$?$7!#(J
132 $BF|K\J[8n;NO"9g2q!'(JIbid., p. 155 $B!c%0%i%U(J25$B!d$r;2>H!#(J
133 $BF|K\J[8n;NO"9g2q!'(JIbid., p. 156 $B!c%0%i%U(J26$B!d$r;2>H!#(J
134 $BF1>e(J, p. 157 $B!c%0%i%U(J27$B!d$r;2>H!#(J
135 $BF1>e(J, p. 158 $B!c%0%i%U(J28$B$r;2>H!d(J
136 $B$J$*!"F1D4::7k2L$K$h$l$P!"!VK,Ld4G8n!&K,Ld;XF3$N$$$:$l$bB8:_$7$J$$<+<#BN!W$,0MA3$H$7$F(J5$B7oB8:_$7$F$$$k(J ($B>.@nD.!Z0q>k![!"EZ:4;T!Z9bCN![!"EZ:4;3B
137 $BF|K\J[8n;NO"9g2q!'(JIbid., p. 160 $B!c%0%i%U(J29$B!d$r;2>H!#(J
138 $BF1>e(J, p. 160 $B!c%0%i%U(J30$B!d$r;2>H!#(J
139 $B$J$*!"!VO7?MK,Ld4G8n%9%F!<%7%g%s!W$K$D$$$F!"O7?MJ]7rK!$G$O!V:_Bp$N?2$?$-$jO7?MEy$X$NK,Ld4G8n%5!<%S%9$,E,@Z$KDs6!$5$l$kBN@)$r3NJ]$9$k$?$a$K!">o6P49;;$G(J2.5$B?M0J>e$NJ]7rIX(J ($B;N(J)$B!"4G8nIX(J ($B;N(J)$B!"=Z4G8nIX(J ($B;N(J) $B$rG[CV$7!"@l=>$N4IM}uBV$G$O!"0UL#$r$J$9$Y$/$b$J$$$3$H$O<+L@$NM}$G$"$k!#(J
140 $B>e7G=q(J, p. 161 $B!c%0%i%U(J31$B!d$r;2>H!#(J
141 $B>e7G=q(J, p. 159$B!!$J$*!"F1=q$O!"J]7rIX$K4X$9$kLdBj$K$D$$$F$b!V@/Na;XDjET;T0J30$OFH<+$K3NJ]$9$k$3$H$,=PMh$J$$;v>p$b$"$j!"CO0h3J:9$NBg$-$$$b$N$K$J$C$F$$$k!W>u67$r;XE&$7$?>e$G!"!VETF;I\8)$d9q%l%Y%k$G$ND4@0$d0e;U2q$X$N6(NOMW@A$r9T$o$J$$8B$j!"CO0h3J:9$O$^$9$^$93H$,$k!W$H7Y>b$rLD$i$7$F$$$k!#(J
142 $B>e7G=q(J, p. 162 $B!c%0%i%U(J34$B!d$r;2>H!#(J
143 $B$^$?!"(J1994 ($BJ?@.(J6) $BG/$N!V(J21$B@$5*J!;c%S%8%g%s!W:vDj8e$NF1G/(J12$B7n$K$O!V?7$?$J9bNpc@)EY?35D2q$K$h$C$F!V8xE*2p8nJ]81@)EY$NAO@_!W$,4+9p$5$l$?!#$3$l$i$N@/:v7hDj2aDx$r$a$0$k=tLdBj$K$D$$$F$O!"8xE*2p8nJ]81@)EY$NLdBj$K4X$7$F!"O$G=R$Y$k$3$H$H$9$k!#(J
144 $BAmM}I\c@)EY?35D2q;vL36I(J, "$Bc@)EY$N$"$i$^$7(J", '$B?7%4!<%k%I%W%i%s$N35MW(J' (last modified Apr, 26, 1999) <http://www.sorifu.go.jp/hoshou/whitepaper/summary/2-9-5.html>
145 $B:dK\=EM:(J, $B;3OFDg;JJTCx!'(JIbid., p. 20
146 $B!V?7%4!<%k%I%W%i%s!W$O!"?2$?$-$j$dCTJr@-$J$I$NMW2p8n9bNp$7$,?^$i$l!":F%9%?!<%H$,$-$i$l$?7A$H$J$C$?!#(J
147 $B:dK\=EM:(J, $B;3OFDg;JJTCx!'(JIbid., p. 21$B!!$J$*!":b8;$N7gK3$K$h$k7W2h1d4|$NLdBj$K4X$7$F!"F1=q$G$O!"BgB">J$,@G@)2~3W$G5r=P$,7h$^$C$??75,:b8;0J30$K:b8;$N%a%I$,N)$?$J$$$3$H$+$i!VKhG/!"Ls(J7800$B2/1_$N?7$?$JM=;;$,I,MW$H$J$k!W?75,;v6H$rH<$&?7%4!<%k%I%W%i%s$KH?BP$7$F$$$k;ve$NLdBj$NGX7J$K$O!"!V@^$+$i$N1_9bIT67$d%P%V%k7P:Q$NJx2u!"$5$i$K$O<+L1E^$K$h$kD94|@/8"$N=*_a$K$h$k$M$8$lE*$JO"N)@/8"$NCB@8Ey!"@h9T$-ITF)L@$J@/6I(J ($B@nB<6)M3!'(JIbid., p. 12)$B!W$NLdBj$,$"$C$?$3$H$bH]$a$J$$$@$m$&!#(J

footnotes$B!VBh(J2$B>O!'9bNp
[2-2. $BO7?MJ]7r@)EY$r$a$0$k=tLdBj$N35MW$H%P%$%*%(%7%C%/%9E*9M;!(J] $B$KLa$k(J