$B=$O@Cm<a(J ($BA4>O(J)

$B=$O@!V9bNp

$B=x>O!'K\8&5f$K$D$$$F(J

¹ Robert N. Butler, $BFb1r9LFs4FLu!'(J1991,$B!XO78e$O$J$, $B%a%B%+%k%U%l%s%I
² $B9-0fNIE5!'(J1997,$B!X%1%"$rLd$$$J$*$9(J - <$B?$B$H9bNp2=, $BC^K`=qK<(J, $BEl5~(J, p. 17
³ $B>>860lO:JTCx!'(J1996,$B!X9bNp, $BCf1{K!5,=PHG(J, $BEl5~(J, pp. 1-4$B!!F1=q$K$h$l$P!"$3$N>u67$K$D$$$F!V%^%k%A!&%G%#%7%W%j%J%j!<$+$i%$%s%?!
⁴ National Reference Center For Bioethics Literature, Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University, Library Classification Scheme:$B!V(J9.5 Health Care for Specific Diseases/Groups$B!W$NHOaF$G!"!V(J9.5.2. 'Aged'$B!W$H$7$Fe$2$i$l$F$$$k!#(J(last modified Feb. 24, 1999) <http://www.georgetown.edu/research/nrcbl/class.htm>
⁵ $BLZB$B!X@8L?NQM}$H0eNE(J - $B$9$3$d$+$J@8$H0B$i$+$J;`!Y(J, $B4]A1(J, $BEl5~(J, $B7G:\(J), p. 124
⁶ $BLZB$B!X$$$N$A$r9M$($k(J - $B%P%$%*%(%7%C%/%9$N$9$9$a!Y(J, $BF|K\I>O@
⁷ $B9-0fNIE5!'(JIbid., p. 16

$BBh(J1$B>O!'9bNp

1-1. $B9bNp

⁸ $B1JED5WH~;R!'(J1998,$B!V9bNpl$+$i!W(J,$B!XO7G/4|$K$*$1$k<+8J7hDj$N$"$jJ}$K4X$9$kD4::8&5f!Y(J, $B9q:]D9
⁹ $BF1>e(J, p, 44
¹⁰ $BF1>e(J, p, 44
¹¹ $BGv0fC3;R!'(J1997,$B!X2J3XE*4G8nO@!Y(J, $BF|K\4G8n6(2q=PHG2q(J, $BEl5~(J, pp. 106-108
¹² $B>.EgA`;R(J, $B6b@n9n;RJT!'(J1991,$B!XI8=`4G8n3X9V:B(J28$B4,(J $BO7?M4G8n3X!Y(J, $B6b86=PHG(J, $BEl5~(J, p.3
¹³ $BF1>e(J, p. 4
¹⁴ $BLZ2<9/?N!((J1993,$B!XO7?M%1%"$N?M4V3X!Y(J, $B0e3X=q1!(J, $BEl5~(J, pp. 113-120
¹⁵ $B>.EgA`;R(J, $B6b@n9n;RJT!'(JIbid., p. 3
¹⁶ $BGv0fC3;R!'(JIbid., p. 107$B!!F1=q$G$O!"4G8n2aDx$N4p44MQ8l$N0l$D$H$7$F!V?M4V!W$r$"$2!"K\J8Cf$N35G05,Dj$rDs<($7$?>e$G!"$5$i$K!"$3$l$r?M4V$H$7$F$N6&DL@-$rB*$($?35G0$H$7$F!V@8J*BN!W$HDj5A$7$?!#$J$*!"F1=q$K$h$l$P!"$3$3$K$$$&!VG'<1!W$H$O!"G>:YK&$N@8M}LL!&@:?@LL$NFs=E$N$O$?$i$-$rA0Ds$K!"@:?@LL$r!V$^$k$4$H!W$H$i$($?I=8=$H$5$l$k!#K\J8Cf$K$*$$$F$O!"I.$C$F5DO@$r?J$a$F$$$/!#(J
¹⁷ $B>.NSIZH~1I4F=$!'(J1987,$B!X4G8n3XAmO@!Y(J, $B6bK'F2(J, $B5~ET(J, pp. 298-299
¹⁸ $B$3$NJ,N`$O!"9bNpl9g$NEv;v$B!XO7?M%1%"$N?M4V3X!Y(J, $B0e3X=q1!(J, $BEl5~(J, pp. 113-120$B$K$*$$$FO@$8$i$l$F$$$k!V%1%"8D?M>pJs$NJ,N`%b%G%k!W$K=`5r$7$?$b$N$G$"$k!#(J
¹⁹ George L. Maddox $BJT(J, $B%(%$%8%s%0Bg;vE54)9T0Q0w2q4FLu!'(J1987,$B!X%(%$%8%s%0Bg;vE5!Y(J, $BAa0pEDBg3X=PHGIt(J, $BEl5~(J, pp. 217-219
²⁰ $BF1?^$O!"LZ2<9/?N!'(JIbid., p. 115$B7G:\$N?^(J2$B!V%1%"8D?M>pJs$NJ,N`%b%G%k!W$r$b$H$K$7$F!"I.
²¹ $B$J$*!"(JGeorge L. Maddox $BJT(J, $B%(%$%8%s%0Bg;vE54)9T0Q0w2q4FLu!'(JIbid., p. 219 $B$K$h$l$P!"!V2CNp$,JQ2=$r$b$?$i$9NN0h$K$*$$$F$O!"<+8J35G0$bJQ2=$7!"$=$&$G$J$$NN0h$K$*$$$F$O!"0BDj$r4|BT$9$k$H$$$&$3$H$O$b$C$H$b$J$3$H!W$G$"$j!"3n$D!"<+8J35G0$K$D$$$F$O!V860x(J - $B7k2L$N4X78$dG/Np$K4X78$7$?(J '$B0\9T(J' $B$,uBV!W$G$"$k$H$5$l$k!#(J
²² $BF1>e(J, p. 35$B!!$J$*!"F1=q$K$h$l$P!"!V$3$l$i$NM_5a$O9TF0$r5/$3$96/$5$K$h$C$F0lDj$N=g0L$r;}$AJB$s$G$$$k!W$H$5$l$?>e$G!"!V:G$b6/$$M_5a$,K~$?$5$l$k$H
²³ $B>.NSIZH~1I4F=$!'(JIbid., p. 35$B!!F1=q$K$h$l$P!"!V?M4V$O?4M}E*$K6K$a$FJ#;($JB8:_$G$"$k$,!"$3$N?M4V$NM_5a$d9TF0$K$O!"B?$/$N6&DLE@$,8+=P$;$k!W$H$5$l$F$$$k$,!"K\O@$K$*$$$F$b!"$=$NA0Ds$KN)$C$F!V8D$N2ACM0U<1!W$NCf$K!V=8CD$N2ACM4Q$NB?MM@-!W$K6&DL$9$k0lDj$N35G09=B$$r?d;!$7$h$&$H;n$_$k$b$N$G$"$k!#(J
²⁴ $BF1>e(J p. 35 $BI=(J4-3$B$h$j(J
²⁵ $BF1>e(J, p. 35
²⁶ $B55;3=c@8!'(J1989,$B!X?M4V$H2ACM!Y(J, $B@DLZ=qE9(J, $BEl5~(J, pp. 168-180
²⁷ $BF1>e(J, p. 173$B!!$J$*!"F1=q$K$h$l$P!"$3$l$i!V;07@5!!W$"$k$$$O!V;0MWAG!W$K$h$C$F!"?M4V$N2ACM0U<1$NEZBf$H$7$F$NM_5a$,B*$($i$l!"$3$N6hJL$O!V2ACMI>2A$N%m%8%C%/$J$$$77A<0$+$i$J$5$l$F$$$k$N$G!"2ACM$NFbMF$+$i8+$k$H=E$J$j9g$&$3$H$,$"$k$H$$$&E@$KN10U$9$Y$-$G$"$k!W$H$9$k!#Nc$($P!"!V2_J>!W$OFbMF$+$i$$$($P]$H$7$FM_5aE*2ACM$G$b$"$k!#$^$?!"!VNY?M$r=u$1$k$3$H!W$OFbMFE*$K$O5,HOE*2ACM$G$"$k$,!"$=$l$,9T0Yu67$G$J$5$l$k>l9g$K$O!"F1;~$KM_5aE*2ACM$G$b$"$k$H$$$($k!#0lHLE*$K$$$($P!"FbMF>e$9$Y$F$Ne$J$$$7I>2A%m%8%C%/$+$i$O(J3$B
²⁸ $B1JED5WH~;R(J, Ibid, p. 45
²⁹ $BF1>e(J, p. 46
³⁰ $BBgM'1Q0l(J, $BCfEg5*7C;R!'(J1992,$B!XO7?M4G8n3X!Y(J, $B??6=8r0W0e=q=PHGIt(J, $BEl5~(J, p. 423$B!!$J$*!"F1=q$K$h$l$P!"!V4G8n$NK\CLG$5$;$F$$$/$3$H$G$"$k!W$H$7$?>e$G!"!V(J'$B40<#(J' $B$,4|BT$G$-$J$$$\$1$NO7?M4G8n$G$O!"$3$NK\
³¹ $BF1>e(J, p. 424$B!!$J$*!"F1=q$K$h$l$P!"CTJr@-O7?M$X$N6qBNE*1g=u$N7W2h$O!"!VO7?M$N$$$^$N@83h9T0Y$=$l<+BN$r2rFI$7$h$&$H$9$k1g=ue$G!"!VCN<1$d5R4QE*I>2A$J$i$S$K@83hNr$J$I$N>pJs$O!"(J $BO7?M<+?H$N$*$j$J$99nI~2aDx$NNONL$N$H$i$((J ($BI>2A(J) $B$,$"$C$?;~$K!"$h$j?<$/M}2r$5$l$F$$$/$b$N$G$"$j!"$=$N;~$K$3$=6qBNE*1g=u$O0l4S@-$rJ]$C$F?J$a$i$l$k!W$H=R$Y$i$l$F$$$k!#(J

1-2. $BK\O@$K$*$1$k%P%$%*%(%7%C%/%9=t86M}$NB*$(J}$H9bNp2=

³² $BLZB$B!X$$$N$A$r9M$($k(J - $B%P%$%*%(%7%C%/%9$N$9$9$a!Y(J, $BF|K\I>O@
³³ Tom L. Beauchamp, James F. Childress$B!'(J1994, "Principle of Biomedical Ethics", Fourth Edition, Oxford University Press, New York, p. 121 ($BLu=q$O!"1J0B9,@5(J, $BN)LZ65IW4FLu!'(J1997,$B!X@8L?0e3XNQM}!Y(J, $B@.J8F2(J, $BEl5~(J, p. 80$B$r;2>H(J)
³⁴ $B$J$*!">e7G=q$K$h$l$P!"(J'meaningful choice' ($B0UL#$"$kA*Br(J) $B$NNc$H$7$F!"(J'inadequate understanding' ($BIT==J,$JM}2r(J) $B$r$"$2$?>e$G!"<+N'E*$J8D?M$O!"<+M3$K<+8JA*Br$7!"$+$D!">pJs$rF@$?$&$($G$N7W2h$K=>$C$F9T0Y$9$k(J ($BF1>e86Cx(J, p. 121$B$r;2>H(J)$B!"$H=R$Y$i$l$F$$$k!#(J
³⁵ $B;3EDBn@8!'(J1989,$B!X;d;v$H<+8J7hDj!Y(J, $BF|K\I>O@
³⁶ Tom L. Beauchamp, James F. Childress$B!'(JIbid., p. 126 ($BLu=q$O!"1J0B9,@5(J, $BN)LZ65IW4FLu!'>e7G=q(J, p. 84$B$r;2>H(J)
³⁷ $BF1>e(J, p. 126 ($BLu=q$O!"1J0B9,@5(J, $BN)LZ65IW4FLu!'>e7G=q(J, pp. 84-85$B$r;2>H(J)
³⁸ $Bh6!!><;0!'(J1993,$B!X0eNE3X35O@!Y(J, $BR&Ap=qK<(J, $BEl5~(J, p. 237$B!!F1=q$G$O!"!V45uBV$G4{$K45e$G!"0eNE;v
³⁹ $B;3EDBn@8!'(JIbid., pp. 344-345$B!!$J$*!"F1=q$K$h$l$P!"!V<+8J7hDj$O7{K!$,Nc<($9$k=t<+M3$NA0Ds$J$$$7>e0L35G0$H9M$($k$N$,$h$$$H;W$o$l$k!W$H=R$Y$i$l$?>e$G!"$"$i$f$k;vJA$K$D$$$F$N0lHLE*$J<+8J7hDj8"$G$O$J$/!";d;v$G$"$k$H$$$&E@$G0lHL$N4pK\8"$H$O0[$J$k$H$N8+2r$,<($5$l$F$$$k!#=>$C$F!"!VB>?M$K4m32$r2C$($k$*$=$l$N$"$k>l9g$O!"@)Ls$re$G!"!V@8L?$N=hJ,$r$^$C$?$/K\?M$N<+M3$H$9$k$3$H$O!"$*$=$i$/!"$=$&6a$$>-Mh$K$O$,$J$5$l$F$$$k!#(J
⁴⁰ Tom L. Beauchamp, James F. Childress$B!'(JIbid., p. 125 ($BLu=q$O!"1J0B9,@5(J, $BN)LZ65IW4FLu!'>e7G=q(J, pp. 83-84$B$r;2>H(J)
⁴¹ $BF1>e(J, pp. 127-128 ($BLu=q$O!"1J0B9,@5(J, $BN)LZ65IW4FLu!'>e7G=q(J, p. 86$B$r;2>H(J)$B!!$J$*!"86Cx$G$O!"?N7C$H<+N'$N>WFM$r$a$0$C$F!"@5Ev2=$5$lF@$k%Q%?!<%J%j%9%F%#%C%/$J2pF~$K$D$$$F$N5DO@$K$*$$$F$b!"Hs<+N'E*$J?M$rJ]8n$9$kE738(J (canopy) $B$H$7$F<+N'B:=E86M}$rMQ$$$k$Y$-$+$I$&$+$NLdBj$,07$o$l$F$$$k(J (pp. 271-291)$B!#(J
⁴² Jacqueline Singer Edelson, Walter H. Lyons, $BD9C+@nOBIW(J, $B@uLn?N4FLu!'(J1988,$B!XCTJr@-O7?M$N%1%"$N, $B@nEg=qE9(J, $BEl5~(J, pp. 3-9$B!!$J$*!"F1=q$K$h$l$P!"!V=EEY$N>c32$K$h$C$F!"@83hLL$G$N$[$H$s$I$r?&0w$KA4LLE*$K0MB8$7$F$$$kO7?M$G$"$C$F$b!"?M4V4X78$*$h$S>p=oE*$J%K!<%:$O7r>ooF19TF0$,4o
⁴³ $B!VFC0[$J%?%$%W$NHs<+N'E*9T0Yc32$NBg$-$5$K$h$C$F!"$=$N<+N'@-$,6K$a$FK3$7$$>uBV$G$"$C$?$H$7$F$b!"<+N'$=$N$b$N$O3'L5$G$O$J$/!"$=$l$i$,<+N'E*$J!V9T0Y!W$H$7$F8D!9$N>lLL$G==J,$KH/4x$7F@$J$$$@$1$G$"$k!"$H9M$($k>l9g$N9T0Yl9g!"$=$l$>$l$NCTJr$NDxEY$K1~$8$F!"<+N'$N35G0$K$b2?$i$+$N!VDxEY!W$,B8:_$9$k$3$H$O9M$($i$l$k$,!"I.p=oLL!"$"$k$$$O!V?M4V$i$7$5!W<+BN$O!"I,$:$7$b!"Hs<+N'E*$H$O$$$($J$$$N$G$O$J$$$@$m$&$+!#$3$N>l9g$K$*$$$F!"<+N'$N35G0Dj5A$O!"8B$j$J$/!V?M4V$NB:87!W$N0U5A$K6a;w$7$F$$$/$b$N!"$HI.
⁴⁴ Tom L. Beauchamp, James F. Childress$B!'(JIbid., pp. 259-260$B!!F1=q$K$h$l$P!"!V4m32$r2C$($J$$$3$H$H!"Mx1W$r6!5k$9$k$3$H$H$N4V$OO"B3E*$G$"$C$F!"L@3N$J6hJ,$,B8:_$9$k$o$1$G$O$J$$!W$H$5$l$?>e$G!V?N7C86M}$O!"2DG=@-$H$7$F$O!"L54m3286M}(J ($BB>e$N$b$N(J - $BB>uBV$N(J '$B=|5n(J' $B$O!"(J'$BB>$C$F!"K\O@$G$O!"!cL54m3286M}!d$HO"B3$7!"3n$D!"$=$l$rJq@]$9$k2ACM35G0$H$7$F!c?N7C86M}!d$rB*$($k$b$N$G$"$k(J ($BLu=q$O!"1J0B9,@5(J, $BN)LZ65IW4FLu!'>e7G=q(J, p. 231$B$r;2>H(J)$B!#(J
⁴⁵ $BF1>e(J, 'Case 2: Nondisclosure of Prostate Cancer', pp. 512-513$B!!Nc$($P!"@:?@IBNr$r$b$C$F$$$FHs>o$K@He$N>pJs$rMW5a$7$F$$$k(J69$B:P$N4b45l9g!"$=$N9T0Y$O!"$3$N45pJs$rMW5a$9$k$H$$$&E@$G$O!"$3$N45pJs$,M?$($i$l$?$J$i$P!"H`$O<+N'E*$K9T0Y$G$-$J$/$J$k$H0e;U$O3N?.$7$F$$$k!#$3$N;vNc$O!"Ev;v.8B$K;_$a$k$Y$-$G$"$k!"$H$$$&;v$@$1$O$$$($k$@$m$&(J ($BLu=q$O!"1J0B9,@5(J, $BN)LZ65IW4FLu!'>e7G=q(J, pp. 264-265$B$r;2>H(J)$B!#(J
⁴⁶ $BF1>e(J, pp. 259-260 ($BLu=q$O!"1J0B9,@5(J, $BN)LZ65IW4FLu!'>e7G=q(J, p. 231$B$r;2>H(J)
⁴⁷ $BF1>e(J, p. 283 ($BLu=q$O!"1J0B9,@5(J, $BN)LZ65IW4FLu!'>e7G=q(J, p. 263$B$r;2>H(J)
⁴⁸ $B8|@8>J$B!X, $BCf1{K!5,=PHG(J, $BEl5~(J, p. 393
⁴⁹ $B8|@8>J!'(J"$BJ?@.(J8$BG/K,Ld4G8nE}7WD4::$N3567(J" (last modified Jul. 14, 1997) <http://www.mhw.go.jp/search/docj/houdou/0906/h0622-1i.html>
⁵⁰ $B;0KR%U%!%_%j!o@83h<+N)EYH=Dj4p=`(J' (last modified Jan. 25, 1997) <http://web.kyoto-inet.or.jp/org/kanpo/3W/houki/tihou.html>
⁵¹ George L. Maddox $BJT(J, $B%(%$%8%s%0Bg;vE54)9T0Q0w2q4FLu!'(JIbid., p. 607$B!!$J$*!"F1=q$K$h$l$P!"!VH/C#$7$?;:6He$G!"!V2HB2$K$h$k%1%"$NDs6!$H8xE*$J%1%"$NDs6!$H$N%P%i%s%9!W$H$$$&OCBj$O!V1sBg$JNQM}E*LdBj$rH<$&$b$N$G$"$k$3$H$,J,$+$k!W$H=R$Y$k!#$3$l$OK\O@$NBh(J3$B>O$G07$&!V2p8nJ]81!W$r$a$0$k=tLdBj$K=EBg$J<(:6$rM?$($kO@E@$G$"$k$@$m$&!#(J
⁵² Robert M. Veatch$B!'(J1981, "A Theory of Medical Ethics", Basic Books, Inc., Publishers, New York, pp. 209-213$B!!$J$*!"F1=q$K$h$l$P!"!V8=e$G!"!V652q$d%\%i%s%F%#%"AH?%!"2q.$5$JF;FAE*%3%_%e%K%F%#$H$7$F8D?M$K5!G=$7!"G!2?$J$k0e3XNQM}$NM}O@$b$3$l$iF;FAE*%3%_%e%K%F%#$NO@M}$r4^$^$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!W$H=R$Y$i$l$F$$$k(J ($BLuJ8$O@[Lu(J)$B!#(J
⁵³ $BF1>e(J, pp. 209-213$B!!LuJ8$O@[Lu!#(J
⁵⁴ $BF1>e(J, p. 211$B!!LuJ8$O@[Lu!#(J
⁵⁵ 1999$BG/(J11$B7n(J27$BF|!&(J28$BF|N>F|$K3+:E$5$l$?F|K\@8L?NQM}3X2qBh(J11$B2sG/]?<$+$C$?$N$O!"!VEv;v/$J$$$N$G$O$J$$$+!W$HLdBjDs5/$5$l$?$N$KBP$7!"Bg0f8<;a$i0eNElLL$K$h$C$F!"$^$?!"Aj $B!!$J$*!"?70f@?;a$O!"KAF,$G!"Ev;veJ]8n$r$a$0$k!"8e8+(J ($B;vM}J[<1G=NO$J$7$N>l9g!"A4$F$N9T0YBP>](J)$B!&J]:4(J ($B;vM}J[<1G=NOCx$7$/IT==J,$N>l9g!"K!Dj$N9T0YBP>](J)$B!&Jd=u(J ($B;vM}J[<1G=NOIT==J,$N>l9g!"FCDj$N9T0YBP>](J) $B$K$D$$$F@bL@$5$l$?!#FC$K!"J]8n$9$kHO0O$,3JCJ$K9-$,$k!VJd=u!W$NN`7?$N?7@_$N=EMW@-$K$D$$$F$b6/D4$5$l$F$$$?!#$^$?!"8e8+@)EY$r!V0eNE!&J!;c!&K!N'$r%3!<%G%#%M!<%H$9$k$b$N!W$H$9$k8+2r$rI=L@$5$l$?;v$bI.]?<$+$C$?!#(J

$BBh(J2$B>O!'9bNp

2-1. $B9bNp

⁵⁶ $BAmM}I\c@)EY?35D2q;vL36I(J, "$Bc@)EY$N$"$i$^$7(J", '$BO7?MJ]7r!&0eNE!&J!;c$N$"$f$_(J' (last modified Apr, 26, 1999) <http://www.sorifu.go.jp/hoshou/whitepaper/summary/2-9-1.html>
⁵⁷ $BF1>e(J, <http://www.sorifu.go.jp/hoshou/whitepaper/summary/2-9-1.html>
⁵⁸ $B8|@8>J
⁵⁹ $BF1>e(J, p. 578
⁶⁰ $BF|K\J[8n;NO"9g2q!'(J1996,$B!X9bNp, $B$3$&$A=qK<(J, $BEl5~(J, pp. 39-40
⁶¹ $B7{K!(J25$B>rBh(J1$B9`!V$9$Y$F9qL1$O!"7r9/$GJ82=E*$J:GDc8BEY$N@83h$r1D$`8"Mx$rM-$9$k!#!WBh(J2$B9`!V9q$O!"$9$Y$F$N@83hItLL$K$D$$$F!"c5Z$S8x=01R@8$N8~>e5Z$SA}?J$KEX$a$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!#!W(J
⁶² $B7{K!(J13$B>r!V$9$Y$F9qL1$O!"8D?M$H$7$FB:=E$5$l$k!#@8L?!"<+M35Z$S9,J!DI5a$KBP$9$k9qL1$N8"Mx$K$D$$$F$O!"8x6&$NJ!;c$KH?$7$J$$8B$j!"N)K!$=$NB>$N9q@/$N>e$G!":GBg$NB:=E$rI,MW$H$9$k!#!W(J
⁶³ $BF1>e(J
⁶⁴ $B>e7G=q(J p. 36$B$K$h$l$P!"9bNp?M$N8+$F$$$kA0$G$*$7$a$rN$7$F!"%Y%C%I$K(J "$B$7$P$j$D$1$k(J" $B$H$$$&AMh$O7k3K45l9g$,B?$/!"IB1!$G$I$s$J<#NE$,$5$l$F$$$k$N$+ITL@$G$"$k$3$H$,B?$$!W$H$$$&LdBj$,;XE&$5$l$F$$$k!#$J$*!"O7?MIB1!$O!"K\O@$K$*$$$F8e=R$9$k!VO7?MJ]7rK!!W$K$h$C$F@_$1$i$l$?$b$N$G$"$k!#O7?MIB1!$O!"0lHL0eNE5!4X$HBPHf$7$F!"0e;U!"4G8nIXEy$N%9%?%C%U$,7Z8:$5$l!"$H$j$o$1!"FCNc5v2D30$NO7?MIB1!$N9bNpe7G=q$G$O!VO7?MIB1!$KF~$l$i$l$?$?$a!"Hs?M4VE*$J07$$$r$5$l!"CTJr$,?J9T$7$?$H$$$&Nc$,$?$S$?$SJs9p$5$l$F$$$k!W$H=R$Y$i$l$F$$$k!#(J
⁶⁵ $B0B0W$J!VM-NAJ!;c$He7G=q$O!V=jF@$N:FJ,G[$rDL$8$Fr(J ($B$9$Y$F9qL1$O!"K!$N2<$KJ?Ey$G$"$C$F!"?Mr!"@-JL!"r$NL\;X$9
⁶⁶ $BJ?@.(J6$BG/K!N'(J56$B9f!?J?@.(J9$B!&(J12$B!&(J17$B!&K!N'(J124$B9f!?J?@.(J11$B!&(J7$B!&(J16$B!&K!N'(J87$B9f(J ($BL$(J)$B!?J?@.(J11$B!&(J12$B!&(J8$B!&K!N'(J151$B9f(J ($BL$(J)
⁶⁷ $BO7?MJ!;cK!Bh(J5$B>r$N(J2$BBh(J1$B9`$K$h$l$P!"(J"$B$3$NK!N'$K$*$$$F!"(J'$BO7?M5oBp@83h;Y1g;v6H(J' $B$H$O!"O7?M5oBp2p8nEy;v6H!"O7?M%G%$!&%5!<%S%9;v6H!"O7?MC;4|F~=j;v6H5Z$SCTJrBP1~7?O7?M6&F1@83h1g=u;v6H$r$$$&!#(J"$B!!$J$*!"2p8nJ]81$,F3F~$5$l$k$H!"$3$l$i$NO7?M5oBp@83h;Y1g;v6H$NB?$/$O!"J]81$K4p$E$$$F%5!<%S%9$rDs6!$9$k;v6H$H$J$k!#(J
⁶⁸ $BO7?MJ!;cK!Bh(J5$B>r(J3$B9`!!$3$NK!N'$K$*$$$F!VO7?MJ!;c;\@_!W$H$O!"O7?M%G%$%5!<%S%9%;%s%?!o@83h$r1D$`$3$H$N=PMh$J$$9bNp>N$KJQ99$5$l$?!#(J
⁶⁹ $B$B!XF|K\$Nc!Y(J, $B?7F|K\=PHG
⁷⁰ $BJBg?C41K<@/:v2]!XcF~Lg!Y(J)
⁷¹ $BO7?MJ!;cK!Bh(J5$B>r(J $B$N(J3 ($BDj5A(J) "$B$3$NK!N'$K$*$$$F!"(J'$BO7?MJ!;c;\@_(J' $B$H$O!"O7?M%G%$%5!<%S%9%;%s%?!
⁷² $B
⁷³ $BJe7G=q$r;2>H$N>e!"I.
⁷⁴ $B4pK\MxMQNA$N(J2$BG\!#(J1997$BG/$G7n$*$h$=(J33$B!&(J3$BK|1_DxEY!#(J
⁷⁵ $B8:LH3[$N(J3$BJ,$N(J1$B$O9q!"(J3$BJ,$N(J2$B$OETF;I\8)Ey$,IiC4$9$k!#(J
⁷⁶ $BEl5~ET$B!XO7?MJ!;c;\@_$K$*$1$k4G8n6HL3%^%K%e%"%k(J - $BO7?M4G8n$N86E@$r8+$D$a$F!Y(J, $BEl5~ETJ
⁷⁷ $BAmM}I\c@)EY?35D2q;vL36I(J, $B!Xc@)EY$N$"$i$^$7!Y(J,$B!VO7?MJ!;c$N>u67!W(J($B;qNA!'8|@8>JBg?C41KpJsIt!Vhttp://www.sorifu.go.jp/hoshou/whitepaper/summary/2-9-4.html>$B!!(J
⁷⁸ $B2,K\M4;0!'(J1996,$B!X0eNE$HJ!;c$N?7;~Be!Y(J, $BF|K\I>O@
⁷⁹ $BF1>e(J, pp. 92-93$B!!$J$*!"F1=q$K$h$l$P!V(J'$BA
⁸⁰ $BK\EDE5;R!'(J1995,$B!VJ!;c$NA$B!XJ!;c$rAO$k!Y(J, $B%8%e%j%9%HA}4)9f(J, $BM-He3U(J, $BEl5~(J, p. 113$BCf$NI=$r!"8|@8>Je7G=q$r;2>H$N>e!"I.
⁸¹ $B!VB`=jH=Dj!W$r$a$0$C$F$O!"E,@Z$JB`=j;XF3(J - $BF~=je$N;XF3!"0lHL
⁸² $B?^(J2-2$B$N:n@.$K$"$?$C$F$O!"O7?MJ]7r;\@_!V%1%"%9%F!<%7%g%s=jBt!W$N!VF~=jH=Dj0Q0w2q!W5Z$S!VB`=jH=Dj0Q0w2q!W$N;qNA$r;29M$K$5$;$F$$$?$@$$$?(J ($BE:IU;qNA(J1$B!A(J4$B$r;2>H(J)$B!#F1;\@_$N>l9g!"F~=j!&B`=jH=Dj0Q0w$KF1?^Cf$N3F?&0w(J ($B$?$@$7!"NW>2?4M};N5Z$S%A%c%W%l%sEy$N@;?&$K!V%5%V%j!<%@!$:$D;2M?$9$k$3$H$G!"8=>l$N@<$,0lAXH?1G$5$l$k;EAH$_$K$J$C$F$$$k!#$3$l$i3F%5!<%S%9C4Ev?&0w$N;XF3;v9`$,!"H=Dj$N:]$N0U;W7hDj$KH?1G$5$l$k;EAH$_$K$J$C$F$$$k$3$H$OI>2A$5$l$k$Y$-$G$"$k!#(J
$B!!$^$?!"F1;\@_$G$O!VO7?MJ]7r;\@_MxMQBP>]u67D4=q!W$H$7$F!"(J(1) $BMxMQ4uK>u67(J ($B@83hJ]8n$K4X$9$k$b$N!"O7?M%/%i%VEy$X$N=jB0$NM-L5Ey(J)$B!"(J(2) $B=;5oEy$N>u67(J ($B!V@lMQ<<$NM-L5!W!V="?2$OI[CD$+%Y%C%I$+!W!V%H%$%l$OOB<0$+!"MN<0$+!"%]!<%?%V%k$+!W!V;}2H$O0l8M7z$+!"$"$k$$$O%"%Q!<%H!&%^%s%7%g%s$N2?3,$+!W!V2~B$$5$l$F$$$k>l9g$NFbMF!WEy(J)$B!"(J(3) $B0eNE>u67(J ($BIBNr$dI~Lt>u67!"?HBN>c32$NFbMF!"Ey(J)$B!"(J(4) $BF|>o@83h>u67(J ($BJb9T!&30=P!&?);v!&GS]u!&F~Ma!&0aI~CeC&$N<+N)EY!"5Z$S0U;WABDL$N2DG=@-!&u67$NB?3QE*$JGD0.$X$NG[N8$,0Y$5$l$F$$$?!#$J$*!"!V2p8nuBV!W$K$D$$$F$bN10U$5$l$F$$$?!#(J
⁸³ $B>>860lO:!'(JIbid., pp. 8-12$B!!(J1993 ($BJ?@.(J5) $BG/(J4$B7n(J1$BF|$+$i$O!"ETF;I\8)J!;c;vL3=j$O@83hJ]8nK!!";yF8J!;cK!!"Jl;R5Z$S2IIXJ!;cK!!"@:?@Gve5-;MK!$K2C$($FO7?MJ!;cK!5Z$S?HBN>c32 $B!!$J$*!"F1=q$O!"$3$&$7$?;v>N$b!VJ!;cIt!W!&!VJ]7rJ!;c%;%s%?!C$7$?$b$N$,A}$($F$$$k!"$H=R$Y!"$3$N798~$K$D$$$F$b!V8xE*%5!<%S%9Ds6!$N8+$($K$/$5!W$r$"$i$o$9$b$N!"$H;XE&$7$F$$$k!#(J
⁸⁴ $B;01:J8IW!'(J1988,$B!X9bNp2=, $B4dGH=qE9(J, $BEl5~(J, p161
$B!!$J$*!"F1=q$G$O!"O7?M%[!<%`$O!VF~=j
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⁸⁶ $B8|@8>J
⁸⁷ $BJ!EDCN0lO:!'!XFCM\$K$^$D$o$k%(%H%;%H%i!Y(J,$B!VFCM\8=>l?&0w$NC2$-!W(J(last modified Aug. 24, 1998) <http://www.biwa.ne.jp/~mocchi/nageki.htm>$B!!6qBNE*$K$O!V%7%g!<%H%9%F%$$N:]!"F~=juBV$G!"9bNp$lC1FH$G$"$k$3$H$KBP$7$FFC$K0[5D$O$J$$!#4N?4$J$N$O!"3F;\@_4V$N!VO"7H!W$,!"G!2?$K8=>l$N<{MW$KB'$7$F?^$i$l$k$+!"$H$$$&;v$J$N$G$"$k!#(J
⁸⁸ $B8|@8>Je$r?^$k9M$($K4p$E$/!VHqMQD'<}4p=`!W$O!"O7?MJ!;c;\@_$N$_$J$i$:!"?HBN>c32r!"?HBN>c32r!";yF8J!;cK!Bh(J56$B>rEy$G$b5,Dj$5$l$F$$$k!#(J
⁸⁹ $BHoAl9g$O!"$=$N:93[$NHO0OFb$G!"I^M\5AL3e8B$H$7$F$$$k!#(J
⁹⁰ $BJ!EDCN0lO:!'!XFCM\$K$^$D$o$k%(%H%;%H%i!Y(J,$B!V%(%H%;%H%i!W(J(last modified Jul. 8, 1997) <http://www.biwa.ne.jp/~mocchi/etc.htm>
⁹¹ $B
⁹² $BJ!EDCN0lO:!'!XFCM\$K$^$D$o$k%(%H%;%H%i!Y(J,$B!V;\@_2q7W$K$^$D$o$k%(%H%;%H%i!W(J(last modified Sep. 1, 1997) <http://www.biwa.ne.jp/~mocchi/kaikei.htm>
⁹³ $BM-NAO7?M%[!<%`$NF~5o6b$O(J1$B?MEv$?$j(J1000$BK|!A(J7000$BK|1_$H9b3[$G$"$j!"$^$?!"F~5o8e!"4IM}Hq$d@83hHq$H$7$F7n3[(J5000$B!A(J10$B?tK|1_I,MW$G$"$k(J ($B@nB<6)M3!'(J1998,$B!X2p8nJ]81AmE@8!!Y(J, $B%_%M%k%t%!=qK<(J, $B5~ET(J, pp. 175-176)$B!#(J
$B!!$J$*!"$3$l$^$G9T@/B&$+$i$N%3%s%H%m!<%k$,$[$H$s$I0Y$5$l$J$$$?$a!"7@LsFbMF$d2p8n$N4p=`$,ITL@$G$"$C$?F1;\@_$KBP$7!"(J1991 ($BJ?@.(J3) $BG/$K%7%k%P!<%^!<%/G'Dj$N$?$a$N!VM-NAO7?M%[!<%`4p=`!W$,Dj$a$i$l$?!#$3$l$O8|@8>J$,<($7$?!VM-NAO7?M%[!<%`@_CV1?1D;XF3;X?K!W$K4p$E$/$b$N$G!">/$J$/$H$b!";\@_$N4IM}!&1?1D$d%5!<%S%9$N7@LsFbMFEy$N!V4p=`!W$,!"9T@/B&$+$i<($5$l$?E@$GI>2A$5$lF@$k$b$N$G$"$k!#(J
⁹⁴ $BF|K\J[8n;NO"9g2q!'(JIbid., p. 34
⁹⁵ $BJ!EDCN0lO:!'!XFCM\$K$^$D$o$k%(%H%;%H%i!Y(J,$B!V$*@h??$C0E!D?M0wG[CV4p=`!W(J(last modified Aug. 25, 1998) <http://www.biwa.ne.jp/~mocchi/topic.htm>
⁹⁶ $B$J$*!"$3$NLdBj$K4X$7$F!"F|K\J[8n;NO"9g2q$O!V?M8"r$NH$i$7!"O7?M%[!<%`$N!V:GDc4p=`2~GQ$NI,MW@-!W$rAJ$($F$$$k(J ($BF|K\J[8n;NO"9g2q!'(JIbid., p. 33)$B!#(J

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⁹⁷ $B8|@8>J
⁹⁸ $B:dK\=EM:(J, $B;3OFDg;JJTCx!'(JIbid., pp. 11-12
⁹⁹ $B>>860lO:JTCx!'(JIbid., p. 36$B!!$J$*!"<#NE8e$b$J$*0eNE5!4X$G$NF~1!$r7QB3$;$6$k$rF@$J$$$H$$$&0UL#$K$*$$$F!"!V$B!XCOJ}J,8"$N@oN,!Y(J, $BBh0l=qNS(J, $BEl5~(J, p. 113)$B!#(J
¹⁰⁰ $B:dK\=EM:(J, $B;3OFDg;JJTCx!'(JIbid., pp. 11-12
¹⁰¹ $B2l=8C];R!'(J1989,$B!XO7?M4G8n$N4pK\!Y(J, $B0e3X=q1!(J, $BEl5~(J, p. 36
¹⁰² $B$3$NBP>]@_Dj$O!"8e=R$9$k!VO7?MJ]7r;\@_!W$N@)EYE*;V8~$K4p$E$/$b$N$G$"$k!#$3$N!V8BDj$5$l$?BP>]!W$N%K!<%:$,==J,$K9MN8$5$l$?%5!<%S%9BN7O$,@0$&$N$J$i$P!"9q8K$NG[J,E*@55A$K4p$E$$$F!"Ev3:%5!<%S%9$NBP>]$G$"$kEv;ve$2Ey$N:b@/D4@0$N4QE@$+$i$N$_BP1~$9$k$N$O!"$d$O$jLdBj$G$"$k$@$m$&!#Ev;v
¹⁰³ $B>>860lO:JTCx!'(JIbid., p. 36$B!!$3$NLdBj$K4XO"$7$F!"0J2<$N6=L#?<$$;v2$G$"$C$?IB1!IB>2?t$O!"(J1973$BG/$K$O(J113$BK|>2$^$G>e>:$7$?!#$5$i$K!"(J(2) $BF1G/$+$i(J70$B:P0J>e$NO7?M0eNEHqL5NA2=$,e$N:_1!452?t$NA}2C(J (55$BK|>2(J) $B$N$&$A!"(J8$B3d0J>e$,9bNp
¹⁰⁴ $B$J$*!"5r=P6b$N(J2$BJ,$N(J1$B$O3FJ]81$J$i$J$$!W$H$$$&(J ($B:dK\=EM:(J, $B;3OFDg;JJTCx!'(JIbid., p. 13)$B!#(J
¹⁰⁵ $B2OLn5W!'(J1984,$B!VO7?MJ]7rK!$N@.N)2aDx(J - $BN>5D1!$N=$@5$rCf?4$H$7$F!W(J,$B!X%8%e%j%9%H!Y(J, 805$B9f(J, $BM-He3U(J, $BEl5~(J, pp. 92-94
¹⁰⁶ $BJe7G=q$r;2>H$N>e!"I.
¹⁰⁷ $B!VB`?&e$Ne(J70$B:PL$K~$Ne$2!"$=$NHqMQ$rB`?&HoMQ2G$7!"HoMQ$B!Xc$H?M8"!Y(J, $BR&Ap=qK<(J, $BEl5~(J, p. 186)$B!#(J
¹⁰⁸ $BEv;~$Ne$2(J ($B30Mh(J1$B%+7n(J400$B1_$r(J800$B1_$K!"F~1!$N(J1$BF|(J300$B1_$,(J400$B1_$K(J)$B!"(J(2) $B2CF~e$2(J (1980$BG/EY(J80$B!s!"(J87$B!A(J89$BG/EY(J90$B!s!"(J90$BG/EY0J9_$O(J100$B!s$HCJ3,E*$K0z$->e$2$k(J)$B!"(J(3) $BO7?MJ]7r;\@_$NAO@_$G$"$k!#$J$*!"(J(1)$B$H(J(2)$B$K$D$$$F$O!"9q8KIiC4$N7Z8:2=$N
¹⁰⁹ $B9>8}N4M5!'(J1994,$B!V$o$,9q0eNEJ]81@)EY$NFCD'$H:#8e$N2]Bj!W(J,$B!XcK!!Y(J, $BBh(J9$B9f(J, $BF|K\c3X2q(J, p. 58$B!!(J
¹¹⁰ $B
¹¹¹ $B
¹¹² $B$J$*!"O7?M0eNE]l9g$K$O!";T(J ($B6h(J) $BD.B2A$7!"$=$l0J30$OJ?6QE*$JHqMQ$N3[$r4pAC$H$7$FDj$a$i$l$k!#$?$@$7!"
¹¹³ $B>e7G=q(J, p. 86
¹¹⁴ $B:dK\=EM:(J, $B;3OFDg;JJTCx!'(JIbid., pp. 11-12$B!!F1=q$K$h$l$P!"!VO7?MJ]7rK!;\9T8e(J10$BG/$,7P2a$7$?8=:_!"Ev=i$NN)K!e$G!"$=$NIiC4$,$H$j$o$19bNp2G$5$l$?LdBj$K$D$$$F!V7r9/8"$d0eNEJ]>c$N;kE@$+$i$O!"5U$K?<9o$J>u67$,@8$8$?!W$3$H$K$D$$$F$b8@5Z$5$l$F$$$k!#$3$l$i$NLdBj$K4X$7$F$O!V7r9/$N<+8J@UG$O@$r4pAC$K$7$?0eNEHqM^@)!W$H!VJ]7r$H0eNE$NO"7H!&Am9g2=!W$r$a$0$k%8%l%s%^$N9M;!$H$7$F!"K\O@Cf$G8e=R$9$k$3$H$H$9$k!#(J
¹¹⁵ $B0f>e1QIW!'!V7r9/8"$H9bNpc!W(J,$B!XcK!!Y(J, $BBh(J9$B9f(J, $BF|K\c3X2q(J, p. 79
¹¹⁶ $B8|@8>J
¹¹⁷ $BF1>e(J, p. 586
¹¹⁸ $B$J$*!"(J1973 ($B>.$7$h$&$H$9$k!"C;MmE*$J0eNEHqM^@)@/:v$re=!$B!XJ!;c$O7P:Q$r3h$+$9!Y(J, $BR&Ap=qK<(J, $BEl5~(J, pp. 156-161) $B$b$"$k!#(J
¹¹⁹ $B8|@8>J
¹²⁰ $BcF~Lg!W(JP. 64)
¹²¹ $B:dK\=EM:(J, $B;3OFDg;JJTCx!'(JIbid., p. 16$B!!$J$*!"$3$N;~4|0J9_!"J]7r!&0eNE!&J!;c$NAm9g2=$,:b8;LL$r4^$a$F@)EYE*$KE83+$5$l$F$$$/(J ($B9>8}N4M5!'(JIbid., p. 58)$B!#(J
¹²² $B>>860lO:!'(JIbid., p. 8
¹²³ $BJ?@.(J2$BG/K!N'(J58$B9f!!F1K!$K$h$j!")!O7?MJ!;cK!!")"?HBN>c32
¹²⁴ $B8|@8>J
¹²⁵ $B@nB<6)M3!'(J1998,$B!X2p8nJ]81AmE@8!!Y(J, $B%_%M%k%t%!=qK<(J, $B5~ET(J, p. 11
¹²⁶ $B8|@8>J$B!X, $BBh0lK!5,=PHG(J, $BEl5~(J, p. 5$B!!F1?^$O!"O7?MJ!;cK!EyJ!;cH,K!$N2~@5$N
¹²⁷ $BF1>e(J, pp. 11-12
¹²⁸ $B9b66N.N$;R(J, $B:4F#5WIW!'(J1992,$B!X%j%O%S%j%F!<%7%g%s8&5f!Y(J, $BBh(J73$B9f(J, $BF|K\>c32c32c32$N$J$$9bNpc32H$7$?>e$G!"K\O@$G$O!"9bNpe$2$F9M;!$K7k$S$D$1$k$b$N$G$"$k!#(J
¹²⁹ $B9bEg?J!'(J1990,$B!XD69bNp, $BBg7n=qE9(J, $BEl5~(J, pp. 22-23$B5Z$S(Jpp. 140-157$B!!$J$*!"F1=q$K$h$l$P!"(J1980$BG/Be$rDL$8$F$N$o$,9q$NJ!;c$K$*$1$k4pK\E*$JJ}8~$O(J "$BF|K\E*2HB2I^M\&IJ2=(J" $B$G$"$C$?!W$H=R$Y$i$l$F$$$k!#$D$^$j!"A02G$7!"$"$k$$$O!"IT==J,$JA0$NJ!;c@/:v$K$*$1$k!V0BD>$JM}2r!W$KBP$9$kHcH=$G$"$k!#$^$?!"8e&IJ2=$N!V5UA*Br!W$H$7$F!VMxMQA0$NJ!;c@/:v$KBP$9$kHcH=$G$"$k!#(J
¹³⁰ $BF|K\J[8n;NO"9g2q!'(JIbid., p. 154$B!!$J$*!"F1=q$G$O!V9bNp
¹³¹ 1995$BG/!"F|K\J[8n;NO"9g2q$,!"A49q(J166 ($B2sEz?t(J139) $B$N<+<#BN$K9T$C$?J!;c%5!<%S%9$N8=>u$H!VO7?MJ]7rJ!;c7W2h!W$K4X$9$k%"%s%1!<%HD4::$N2sEz7k2L$G$"$k!#F1D4::$G$O!"%"%s%1!<%H2sEz$7$?;TD.B<$N$&$A!"$=$NAm?t$rA4BN(J (139$B7o(J)$B!"ETF;I\8)D#=j:_CO$N;T$N=89g(J ($B9bCN;T$r=|$/(J) $B$r!V(JA$B%0%k!<%W!W(J(44$B7o(J)$B!"3FETF;I\8)$+$iCj=P$7$?(J2$BK|?MDxEY$ND.$N=89g$r!V(JB$B%0%k!<%W!W(J(39$B7o(J)$B!"%^%9%3%_$dJ88%$GIQHK$Ke$2$i$l$F$$$k!"?J$s$@J!;c$d0eNE$Ne0L(J5$B0L!"2<0L(J5$B0L$N=89g$r!V(JE$B%0%k!<%W!W(J(9$B7o(J) $B$H$7$FJ,N`$7$?!#$J$*!"F1D4::$G$O!"!V$^$H$a!W$H$7$F!V2HB22p8n$K0MB8$7$?$^$^$N%5!<%S%9BN@)$N8=>u$H!"<+<#BN4V3J:9$NBg$-$5!W$r;XE&$7$F$$$k!#>\:Y$K$D$$$F$O!"F|K\J[8n;NO"9g2q!'(JIbid., pp. 110-163$B$r;2>H$5$l$?$7!#(J
¹³² $BF|K\J[8n;NO"9g2q!'(JIbid., p. 155 $B!c%0%i%U(J25$B!d$r;2>H!#(J
¹³³ $BF|K\J[8n;NO"9g2q!'(JIbid., p. 156 $B!c%0%i%U(J26$B!d$r;2>H!#(J
¹³⁴ $BF1>e(J, p. 157 $B!c%0%i%U(J27$B!d$r;2>H!#(J
¹³⁵ $BF1>e(J, p. 158 $B!c%0%i%U(J28$B$r;2>H!d(J
¹³⁶ $B$J$*!"F1D4::7k2L$K$h$l$P!"!VK,Ld4G8n!&K,Ld;XF3$N$$$:$l$bB8:_$7$J$$<+<#BN!W$,0MA3$H$7$F(J5$B7oB8:_$7$F$$$k(J ($B>.@nD.!Z0q>k![!"EZ:4;T!Z9bCN![!"EZ:4;3B
¹³⁷ $BF|K\J[8n;NO"9g2q!'(JIbid., p. 160 $B!c%0%i%U(J29$B!d$r;2>H!#(J
¹³⁸ $BF1>e(J, p. 160 $B!c%0%i%U(J30$B!d$r;2>H!#(J
¹³⁹ $B$J$*!"!VO7?MK,Ld4G8n%9%F!<%7%g%s!W$K$D$$$F!"O7?MJ]7rK!$G$O!V:_Bp$N?2$?$-$jO7?MEy$X$NK,Ld4G8n%5!<%S%9$,E,@Z$KDs6!$5$l$kBN@)$r3NJ]$9$k$?$a$K!">o6P49;;$G(J2.5$B?M0J>e$NJ]7rIX(J ($B;N(J)$B!"4G8nIX(J ($B;N(J)$B!"=Z4G8nIX(J ($B;N(J) $B$rG[CV$7!"@l=>$N4IM}uBV$G$O!"0UL#$r$J$9$Y$/$b$J$$$3$H$O<+L@$NM}$G$"$k!#(J
¹⁴⁰ $B>e7G=q(J, p. 161 $B!c%0%i%U(J31$B!d$r;2>H!#(J
¹⁴¹ $B>e7G=q(J, p. 159$B!!$J$*!"F1=q$O!"J]7rIX$K4X$9$kLdBj$K$D$$$F$b!V@/Na;XDjET;T0J30$OFH<+$K3NJ]$9$k$3$H$,=PMh$J$$;v>p$b$"$j!"CO0h3J:9$NBg$-$$$b$N$K$J$C$F$$$k!W>u67$r;XE&$7$?>e$G!"!VETF;I\8)$d9q%l%Y%k$G$ND4@0$d0e;U2q$X$N6(NOMW@A$r9T$o$J$$8B$j!"CO0h3J:9$O$^$9$^$93H$,$k!W$H7Y>b$rLD$i$7$F$$$k!#(J
¹⁴² $B>e7G=q(J, p. 162 $B!c%0%i%U(J34$B!d$r;2>H!#(J
¹⁴³ $B$^$?!"(J1994 ($BJ?@.(J6) $BG/$N!V(J21$B@$5*J!;c%S%8%g%s!W:vDj8e$NF1G/(J12$B7n$K$O!V?7$?$J9bNpc@)EY?35D2q$K$h$C$F!V8xE*2p8nJ]81@)EY$NAO@_!W$,4+9p$5$l$?!#$3$l$i$N@/:v7hDj2aDx$r$a$0$k=tLdBj$K$D$$$F$O!"8xE*2p8nJ]81@)EY$NLdBj$K4X$7$F!"O$G=R$Y$k$3$H$H$9$k!#(J
¹⁴⁴ $BAmM}I\c@)EY?35D2q;vL36I(J, "$Bc@)EY$N$"$i$^$7(J", '$B?7%4!<%k%I%W%i%s$N35MW(J' (last modified Apr, 26, 1999) <http://www.sorifu.go.jp/hoshou/whitepaper/summary/2-9-5.html>
¹⁴⁵ $B:dK\=EM:(J, $B;3OFDg;JJTCx!'(JIbid., p. 20
¹⁴⁶ $B!V?7%4!<%k%I%W%i%s!W$O!"?2$?$-$j$dCTJr@-$J$I$NMW2p8n9bNp$7$,?^$i$l!":F%9%?!<%H$,$-$i$l$?7A$H$J$C$?!#(J
¹⁴⁷ $B:dK\=EM:(J, $B;3OFDg;JJTCx!'(JIbid., p. 21$B!!$J$*!":b8;$N7gK3$K$h$k7W2h1d4|$NLdBj$K4X$7$F!"F1=q$G$O!"BgB">J$,@G@)2~3W$G5r=P$,7h$^$C$??75,:b8;0J30$K:b8;$N%a%I$,N)$?$J$$$3$H$+$i!VKhG/!"Ls(J7800$B2/1_$N?7$?$JM=;;$,I,MW$H$J$k!W?75,;v6H$rH<$&?7%4!<%k%I%W%i%s$KH?BP$7$F$$$k;ve$NLdBj$NGX7J$K$O!"!V@^$+$i$N1_9bIT67$d%P%V%k7P:Q$NJx2u!"$5$i$K$O<+L1E^$K$h$kD94|@/8"$N=*_a$K$h$k$M$8$lE*$JO"N)@/8"$NCB@8Ey!"@h9T$-ITF)L@$J@/6I(J ($B@nB<6)M3!'(JIbid., p. 12)$B!W$NLdBj$,$"$C$?$3$H$bH]$a$J$$$@$m$&!#(J

$BBh(J3$B>O!'2p8nJ]81@)EY$r$a$0$k@/:v7hDj2aDx$N35MW(J

¹⁴⁸ $B@nB<6)M3!'(JIbid., pp. 39-40
¹⁴⁹ $B8|@8>J2p8nJ]81@)EY;\9T=`Hw<<4F=$!?A}ED2mD*Cx!'(J1999,$B!X$o$+$j$d$9$$2p8nJ]81K!!Y(J, $BM-He3U(J, $BEl5~(J, p. 4
¹⁵⁰ $BF1>e(J, p. 6
¹⁵¹ $Bc@)EY?35D2q$O!"c@)EY?35D2q@_CVK!(J ($B>c@)EY$K$D$-D4::!&?35D5Z$S4+9p$r9T$&5!4X$G!"AmM}I\$KCV$+$l$F$$$k!#F1?35D2q$O!"<+$ic$N:G$b8z2LE*$JJ}K!Kt$O!"Fb3UAmM}Bg?C5Z$S4X783FBg?C$O!"c$K4X$9$k4k2h!"N)K!Kt$O1?1D$NBg9K$K4X$7$F$"$i$+$8$a?35D2q$N0U8+$r5a$a$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$$H$5$l$F$$$k(J ($B8|@8>J $B!!$J$*!"K\O@Cf$Ke$2$i$l$kc@)EY?35D2q$O!"(J21$B@$5*$N9bNp2=c@)EY$NAm9gE*$J8+D>$7$,I,MW$K$J$C$?$H$NG'<1$N$b$H!"c$N:_$jJ}$K$D$$$F!"(J1991$BG/(J11$B7n$+$ic>-MhA|0Q0w2q$K$*$$$F8!F$$r9T$C$F$-$?!#F1?35D2q$NBh(J1$Bc32c32c$NHqMQ$K$D$$$F$O8xHq$K$h$k$H$b!"$B!X8xE*2p8nJ]81(J - $B%I%$%D$N@hNc$K3X$V!Y(J, $BF|K\I>O@
¹⁵² $BK\BtL&Be;R!'(JIbid., pp. 104-105$B!!$J$*!"F1=q$O!"$3$Nc@)EY?35D2q$NBh(J2$BuBV$K$J$C$?;~$K!"8=6b5kIU!"8=J*5kIU$"$k$$$O$=$l$i$rAH$_9g$o$;$k$3$H$K$h$C$F2p8n%5!<%S%9$r5kIU$7!"$=$NHqMQ$rIiC4$9$k$b$N$G$"$k(J' $B$H$7$?E@$G!"!VL@$i$+$K(J1994$BG/=U$K@.N)$7$?%I%$%D$N2p8nJ]81@)EY$rG0F,$KCV$$$?$b$N$G$"$C$?!W$H;XE&$7$F$$$k!#$7$+$7$J$,$i!"%I%$%D$Nl9g!"$=$NBP>]
¹⁵³ $BBg3XIB1!0eNE>pJs%M%C%H%o!<%/(J (UMIN), "$B?7$?$J9bNphttp://www.umin.ac.jp/govreports/nursing/nursing.txt>
¹⁵⁴ $BBg3XIB1!0eNE>pJs%M%C%H%o!<%/(J (UMIN), "$B?7$?$J9bNpe7G(JURL> $B5Z$S!"(J $BK\BtL&Be;R!'(J1996,$B!X8xE*2p8nJ]81(J - $B%I%$%D$N@hNc$K3X$V!Y(J, $BF|K\I>O@H$7$?>e$G!"I.
¹⁵⁵ $BK\BtL&Be;R!'(JIbid., pp. 106-108$B!!!V9bNp
¹⁵⁶ $B:dK\=EM:(J, $B;3OFDg;JJTCx!'(JIbid., pp. 67-68
¹⁵⁷ $BF14+9p$K$*$$$F$O!V:#8eA}Bg$9$k2p8n%5!<%S%9$N%K!<%:$KBP$7!"0BDjE*$KE,@Z$J2p8n%5!<%S%9$r6!5k$7$F$$$/$?$a$K$O!"4pHW@0Hw$O0lHL:b8;$K0MB8$9$k$K$7$F$b!"@)EY$N1?MQ$KMW$9$k:b8;$OuBV$K$J$C$?$H$-$K!"e$G!"$=$NM}M3$H$7$F!VD9uBV$K$J$k2DG=@-$,$"$k0lJ}!"$=$N$h$&$J>uBV$K$J$C$?O7?F$r$b$D$3$H$K$b$J$k$+$i!"2p8n%5!<%S%9$N5kIU$O
¹⁵⁸ $BAjBtgP0l!'(J1996,$B!Xc$NJ]81, $B$"$1$S=qK<(J, $BEl5~(J, p. 59$B!!F1=q$O!"9q8KIiC47Z8:$N$?$a$NJ]81
¹⁵⁹ $BF1>e(J, pp. 71-72
¹⁶⁰ $BK\BtL&Be;R!'(JIbid., p. 109$B$G$O!"$3$N7kO@IU$1$K$D$$$F!"@h$N!V9bNp$NJ}K!$N2DG=@-$rF'$_9~$s$G8!F$$7$?$b$N$H$J$C$F$$$J$$!"$H$N;XE&$,$J$5$l$F$$$k!#$$$:$l$K$7$F$b!"$3$NO7?MJ!;c?35D2qCf4VJs9p$O0l4S$7$F!"8=J*5kIU7?$G!"3n$D!V9bNp]$H$7$?2p8nJ]81@)EY$NJ}8~@-$r<($7$?$b$N$H$J$C$F$$$k$@$m$&!#(J
¹⁶¹ $BK\BtL&Be;R!'(JIbid., pp. 108-109$B$N!VO7?MJ]7rJ!;c?35D2qCf4VJs9p!W$K$D$$$F$N5DO@$r;2>H$7$?>e$G!"I.
¹⁶² $B!V2p8n5kIU!W!&!V@)EY!W!&!V4pHW@0Hw!O$K4X$9$k(J3$BJ,2J2q$N$3$H!#$J$*!"O7?MJ]7rJ!;c?35D2qBh(J2$Be5-(J3$BJ,2J2q$NFb!"@)EYJ,2J2q$G8!F$$5$l$?5DO@$N35MW$r<($9$K$H$I$^$k$b$N$G$"$C$?!"$H$9$k;XE&$,$"$k(J ($BK\BtL&Be;R!'(JIbid., p. 110)$B!#(J
¹⁶³ NCC Experimental WWW Server ($B9qN)$,$s%;%s%?!<J4XO"$N>pJs(J", '$B?7$?$J9bNphttp://fms.ncc.go.jp/mhw/mhwinfo/0sj/9601/96013146.txt> $B=j:_$NJs9p=qA4J8!"5Z$S!"K\BtL&Be;R!'(JIbid., pp. 109-115$B$r;2>H!#(J
¹⁶⁴ $B>e7G(JURL$B5Z$S!"K\BtL&Be;R!'(JIbid., p. 110-111$B$r;2>H$N>e!"I.
¹⁶⁵ $B$J$*!"(J'$B>-MhMxMQ$G$-$k2p8n%5!<%S%9$N?e=`$dFbMF$N6qBNE*%b%G%k(J' $B$H$7$F!"F1Js9pCf!"!VAaD+!&Lk4V!&?](J' $B$H$9$k$Y$-$G$"$k$,!"$=$N%5!<%S%9?e=`$N
¹⁶⁶ $B$J$*!"F1Js9p$G!";\@_%5!<%S%9$K$*$1$k5kIUBP>]$H$7$F!V2p8nBN@)$N@0$C$?0eNE;\@_!W$,@_Dj$5$l$?E@$K$D$$$F!"!V@83h$N>l$H$7$F$b2p8n$N?ME*3NJ]$NE@$+$i$bIT==J,$J>uBV$K$"$k0eNE;\@_$rBP>]$H$9$k$3$H$K$D$$$F$O!"F~=j;\@_$,ITB-$7$F$$$k8=>u$r9MN8$7$F$b$J$*5?Ld$G$"$k!W$H$9$k;XE&$b$"$k(J ($BK\BtL&Be;R!'(JIbid., p. 110)$B!#(J
¹⁶⁷ $B%1%"%W%i%s:n@.$K:]$7$F$O!"$"$/$^$G$b!"Ev;ve$G!"@lLg2H$K!V:n@.0MMj!W$,0Y$5$l$k$3$H$,K>$^$7$$$@$m$&!#$=$N>l9g!"Ev;v/$J$/$H$b!"%1%"$NEv;ve$N=EMW2]Bj$H$7$FB*$($i$l$k$@$m$&!#(J
¹⁶⁸ $B4pHW@0HwB%?J$N$?$a$NJ}:v$H$7$F$O!"4{B8;\@_$NE>49B%?JEy$H$7$F!"0lHLIB1!$dM\8nO7?M%[!<%`$N2p8n;\@_$X$NE>49$d!"3X9;!&J]0i=jEy$NE>MQ$,5s$2$i$l$F$$$k!#(J
¹⁶⁹ $B$J$*!"F1Js9pCf!"J]7rJ!;c$K4X$9$k>pJs%7%9%F%`$N@0Hw$dJ!;cMQ6q$K4X$9$kAjCL!&>pJsDs6!!"5Z$S5!G=I>2AJ}K!$N3NN)$NI,MW@-$K$D$$$F$O!"6qBNE*$JDs0F$O0Y$5$l$F$$$J$$!#(J
¹⁷⁰ NCC Experimental WWW Server ($B9qN)$,$s%;%s%?!<J4XO"$N>pJs(J", '$B?7$?$J9bNp$B>e7G(JURL$B!"5Z$S!"K\BtL&Be;R!'(JIbid., pp. 111-112$B$r;2>H$N>e!"I.
¹⁷¹ $B!VJ!;c$H?M8"!W%M%C%H%o!<%/(J Humind ($BpJs$N%Z!<%8(J", '$BHqMQIiC45Z$S8xE*2p8nJ]81@)EY$N$"$jJ}(J' (last modified, Nov. 13, 1999) <http://www.humind.or.jp/welfare/k-hoken/report2/rep2besi.html>$B=j:_$N!VJL;f!WA4J8!"5Z$S!"K\BtL&Be;R!'(JIbid., pp. 112-114$B$r;2>H!#(J
¹⁷² $B!VJ!;c$H?M8"!W%M%C%H%o!<%/(J Humind <$B>e7G(JURL> $B5Z$S!"K\BtL&Be;R!'(JIbid., pp. 112-114$B$r;2>H$N>e!"I.
¹⁷³ $BO7?MJ]7rJ!;c?35D2q$G$O!"(J1995 ($BJ?@.(J7) $BG/(J2$B7n$N?35D3+;O$+$i!"$3$N:G=*Js9p$,
¹⁷⁴ $BFC$K!"Hs8zN($H$J$C$F$$$kM}M3$N(J1$B$D$H$7$F!V2p8n%5!<%S%9$,=D3d$j$N@)EY$N$b$H$GJL!9$KDs6!$5$l$F$*$j!"%5!<%S%9Aj8_$NO"7H$,==J,$G$J$$$?$a!"8D!9$N9bNpu67$,8+$i$l$k!W$3$H$,9T@/B&$NG'<1$H$7$FF1?35D2q$NJs9pCf$G5s$2$i$l$?$N$O!"0U5A?<$$$H9M$($i$l$k!#$7$+$7$J$,$i!"$3$N=D3d$j9T@/$NJ@32$dJ!;c%5!<%S%9$NHs8zN(@-$NLdBj$K$D$$$F$9$3$H$+$i;O$a$kI,MW$,$"$k!#9bNp $B!!$J$*!">e=R$N;XE&$O!"$=$N2~A1$NJ}:v$K$D$$$F$H$7$F!V(J($B?35D2q$N(J) $BJs9p=q$GDs0F$5$l$?%1%"%^%M%8%a%s%H%7%9%F%`$rB>$NJ!;cJ,Ln$K$b3HBg$9$l$P$h$$$G$"$m$&!W$H=R$Y$i$l$F$$$k$3$H$bCmL\$5$l$k$Y$-E@$G$"$k$HI.
¹⁷⁵ $BF1L\I8$O!"2p8n%5!<%S%9$NBP>]$r!V9bNpZ$5$l$k$?$a$K$O!"MW2p8n>uBV$K$"$k]$^$7$$!#?35D2qBh(J2$Bc32c32
¹⁷⁶ $B>>860lO:!'(Jibid., pp. 27-29$B!"5Z$S!"K\BtL&Be;R!'(JIbid., pp. 123-126$B$N5DO@$r;2>H$7$?>e$GI.
¹⁷⁷ $B!V2p8nJ]81@)EYK!0FBg9K!W$G$O!"Bh(J2$B9fHoJ]81
¹⁷⁸ $B$J$*!"O7?MJ]7rJ!;c?35D2q:G=*Js9p$,0Y$5$l$?D>8e$N(J5$B7n(J15$BF|!"8|@8>J$N!V2p8nJ]81@)EY;n0F!W$,?35D2q$KDs<($5$l$?!#$3$l$O!";\@_%5!<%S%9$r@Z$jN%$7$FA4BN$N%3%9%H$rM^$($h$&$H$9$k<+L1E^$NC01)M::H!&858|@8Bg?C$NDs0F$K4p$E$/$b$N$G$"$j!"HoJ]81e$NMh$N9bNp]$H$9$k2p8nJ]819=A[$H$OM}G0E*$KA4$/0[$J$k$b$N$G$"$C$?!#$5$i$K!"(J5$B7n(J30$BF|$K$O8|@8>J$+$i!V2p8nJ]81@)EY=$@5;n0F!W$,Ds0F$5$l$?!#F1;n0F$G$O!"3+2qCf$N9q2q$X$NK!0FDs=P$KIT2D7g$J;TD.B<$N9g0U$rF@$k$?$a!"!V2p8nJ]81J$N;n0F!&=$@5;n0F$KBP$7$F!VK!0FDs=P$N$?$a$N@/<#E*H=CG$,@h9T$7!"@h$N?35D2q$N:G=*Js9p$rL5;k$7$?$+$C$3$&$K$J$C$F$$$k!W$H$9$k;XE&$b$"$k!#(J
¹⁷⁹ $B!V2p8nJ]81K!!W!"!V2p8nJ]81K!;\9TK!0F!W!"5Z$S!V0eNEK!$N0lIt2~@5K!0F!W$N(J3$BK!0F!#(J
¹⁸⁰ $B8|@8>J2p8nJ]81@)EY;\9T=`Hw<<4F=$!?A}ED2mD*Cx!'(JIbid., pp. 12-15
¹⁸¹ $BT"Ip515WJTCx!'(J1999, Ibid., p. 181$B!V?^I=(J 7-8$B!!2p8nJ]81@)EY(J (2000$BG/EY
¹⁸² $B8|@8>J2p8nJ]81@)EY;\9T=`Hw<<4F=$!?A}ED2mD*Cx!'(JIbid., p. 13$BCf$N!V?^(J3 $B2p8nJ]81@)EY$N35MW!W$r86?^$H$7$FI.
¹⁸³ $B!V?3::;YJ'5!4X!W$H$O!"0eNEJ]813FK!Ey$K$*$$$F!"J]81

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¹⁸⁴ $B8|@8>J2p8nJ]81@)EY;\9T=`Hw<<4F=$!?A}ED2mD*Cx!'(JIbid., p. 11
¹⁸⁵ $B>>860lO:JTCx!'(JIbid., p. 24$B!!F1=q$O!"9bNpc@)EY$N0l$D$N:_$jJ}$H$7$F!VD94|E*$KO7?M2p8n$HO7?M0eNE$N%5%$%U$r0l$D$K$7$F!"O7?M0eNE$G:o8:$5$l$?%3%9%H$,!"$=$N$^$^O7?M2p8n$K$^$o$;$k;EAH$_!W$rDs0F$7$F$$$k!#$^$?!"F1=q$O!V%Q%C%A%o!<%/$N$h$&$KB8:_$7$F$$$k3FJ!;c;\@_$NHs9gM}@-!W(J($BNc$($P>I>u$,F1$8?M$G$b!"FCJLM\8nO7?M%[!<%`$dO7?MJ]7r;\@_$N$h$&$KF~5o$9$k;\@_$K$h$C$FIiC4$,0[$J$k$3$HEy(J) $B$r2r7h$9$k$?$a$K!"6&DL$7$?%5!<%S%9$N;:=P4p=`$rM?$($k@)EY$NI,MW@-$rAJ$($F$$$k!#$$$:$l$K$7$F$b!"2p8n$N:b8;!"5Z$S2p8n6!5k
¹⁸⁶ $B$J$*!"(J1995$BG/(J12$B7n$NF|K\4G8n6(2q$NDs8@!VMxMQ-MhE*$K$O!"c32]$H$9$k@)EY$KE}9g$7$F$$$/!W$3$H$,=R$Y$i$l$F$$$k(J ($BF|K\4G8n6(2q(J, "$BJs9p=q!&E}7W;qNA=8(J", '$BMxMQhttp://www.nurse.or.jp/information/report/report5.html>)$B!#(J
¹⁸⁷ $B8|@8>J2p8nJ]81@)EY;\9T=`Hw<<4F=$!?A}ED2mD*Cx!'(JIbid., p. 11
¹⁸⁸ $B!V8xE*2p8nJ]81$K$h$k9bNpl9g$K$O!"HqMQ$N(J1$B3dDxEYMxMQNA$H$7$FDjN($GIiC4$7$F$b$i$&$3$H$r8|@8>J$O9M$($F$$$k!#;\@_$KF~=j$9$k>l9g$O!"B>$K?)Hq$NIiC4$b$"$j!"9g$o$;$k$H!"9bNp
¹⁸⁹ $BK\4V>H8w!'(J1995,$B!V2p8nLdBj$OJ]81$G$O%+%P!<$G$-$J$$!W(J,$B!X7n4)(J $BJ]CDO"!Y(J 1995$BG/(J9$B7n9f!!$J$*!"F1O@J8$O!"!VMW2p8n>uBV$N%j%9%/$r$"$($F6/9T$9$l$P!"??$NI,MW$KH?$9$kWs0UE*$JG'Dj4p=`$N@_Dj$HG'Dj(J=$B=|30:n6H$,9T$o$l!"MW2p8nb$rLD$i$7$F$$$k!#(J
¹⁹⁰ $B2p8nJ]81@)EY$K$h$C$F!"HqMQ$r;YJ'$&J]81e!"$J$I$G$"$k(J ($B>>860lO:JTCx!'(JIbid., p. 46)$B!#(J
¹⁹¹ $B$?$@$7!"8=6b5kIU!"$D$^$j2HB2Ey$X$N2p8n
¹⁹² $B$J$*!"2p8nJ]81K!0F@)Dj8e!"<+L1E^$N550f@/D42qD9$K$h$C$F!V2p8nJ]81NAD'<}$N(J1$BG/4VE`7k!W5Z$S!V2HB22p8n$X$N8=6b5kIU!W$rCl$H$9$k0F$,$^$H$a$i$l!"<+M3E^!"8xL@E^$KDs<($5$l$?!#$3$l$KBP$7!"L14VHs1DMxAH?%$N!V2p8n$Nhttp://www.kaigo.or.jp/>)$B!#(J
¹⁹³ $B:_Bp%5!<%S%9$K4X$7$F$O!"$3$l$^$G$NOH$rD6$($FL14V;v6H
¹⁹⁴ NTT$B7P1D8&5f=j(J, "$B%^%s%9%j!<%l%]!<%H(J97$BG/(J12$B7n9f(J - $B9bNp2=(JVol. 6", (last modified, Oct . 20, 1999) <http://www.keieiken.co.jp/monthly/repo9712/korei6.html>
¹⁹⁵ $B9-0fNIE5!'(J1997,$B!X0eNEJ]812~3W$N9=A[!Y(J, $BF|K\7P:Q?7J9e$N9bNpe$G!"!V9bNp]$H$7$F(J ($B9bNp$NItJ,$K$D$$$FJ]8186M}$r=c2=$5$;$?J}$,(J '$BJ]8186M}$HAE@G86M}$N6hJ,(J' $B$,L@NF$H$J$k!W$H=R$Y$i$l$F$$$k!#(J
¹⁹⁶ $B<+M3E^$Nc@)EY$N2~3W(J' (last modified, Oct. 4, 1999) <http://www.jiyuto.or.jp/policy_j/saiko3.htm#c2_c2s6>$B!!$J$*!"F1E^$O!V>CHq@G$OJ!;cL\E*@G$K$9$Y$-!W$H$7$F!"!V>CHq@G$O!"9bNp2=$KH<$C$FA}Bg$9$kcHq$K=$C$F!"c$N7PHq$,A}Bg$7$J$$$+$.$j>CHq@GN($O0z$->e$2$J$$!W$H$9$kJ}?K$rDs5/$7$F$$$k!#(J
¹⁹⁷ $B$J$*!"L1CHq@G$N07$$J}$K4X$7$F!V>CHq@G$O(J "$B4pACG/6bL\E*@G(J" $B$K2~$a!"4pACG/6b$rA43[@GJ}<02=$9$k$?$a$N:b8;$K=http://www.dpj.or.jp/data/100/BOX296.html>)$B!#(J
$B!!0lJ}!"CHq@G3[La$76b@)EY!W(J($B0{?)NAIJ;Y=P$K$+$+$k>CHq@G3[$rG/4V$N5kM?=jF@$K1~$8$FJ'$$La$9$b$N$G!">CHq@G$N$b$D7g4Y$r@'@5$7!"Dc=jF@$9$k>l9g!";HES$rL@3N$K$7$?>CHq@G$N2L$?$9Lr3d$O6K$a$FBg$-$J$b$N$,$"$k!W$HL@8@$7!"!V7J5$BP:v$N%l%Y%k$G>CHq@G$,O@5D$5$l$k$N$OK\;]$r8+<:$C$?$b$N$H;XE&$;$6$k$rF@$J$$!W$H$N8+2r$rL@$i$+$K$7$?>e$G!"!VJ!;c$O7J5$$NG!2?$K$h$C$F:81&$5$l$k$b$N$G$"$C$F$O$J$i$:!"$I$N$h$&$J$H$-$K$b?M!9$,0B?4$7$F@83h$G$-$k$h$&!"http://www.jsdp.or.jp/central/faq/zeisei/zeiseiindex.html>)$B!#$3$N8+2r$O!"A49qL1$N$?$a$N!VIaJWE*$JJ!;c%5!<%S%9$N6!5k!W$N:_$jJ}$r9M$($k:]!"FC$K=EMW$J<(:6$H$7$FB*$($i$l$k$b$N$G$"$k$@$m$&!#(J
¹⁹⁸ $B$J$*!"J!;c:b8;$rBgI}$K3HBg$9$k$3$H$,$3$l$^$G:$Fq$G$"$C$?M}M3$N0l$D$H$7$F!"9q$NM=;;$,7hDj$5$l$k:]$N@/I\ItFb$NNO4X78$"$k$$$O@/<#%7%9%F%`$NLdBj$r;XE&$9$k5DO@$,$"$k$3$H$K$bN10U$7$F$*$-$?$$!#$D$^$j!"!VA0G/EYF'=1!">JD#4V$NNO4X78!"B25D0w$N05NO!"E^MxE^N,Ey$K$h$C$F0lHL:b8;$NM=;;G[J,$,7hDj$5$l$k;EAH$_$O!"J!;cM=;;$rHtLvE*$K3HBg$5$;$F$$$/$3$H$r:$Fq$K$9$kMW0x(J ($BCOJ}<+<#BN$N0lHL2q7W$NCf$GJ!;c;v6H$N%7%'%"$r3HBg$5$;$k$K$bF1MM$N:$Fq$,$D$-$^$H$&(J)$B!W$HB*$($?>e$G!"!V?tC{1_$"$k$$$O$=$l0J>e$N5,LO$N0BDj$7$?2p8n;\:v:b8;$r?7$?$K3NJ]$9$k$K$O!"$=$N$?$a$NL\E*@G$"$k$$$O$=$l$KN`;w$7$?;EAH$_$r$D$/$kI,MW!W$r;XE&$9$k5DO@$G$"$k(J ($B>>860lO:!'(JIbid., p. 45$B!"5Z$S!"N$8+8-<#!'!V?72p8nJ]>c%7%9%F%`$H8xHqIiC4J}<0!W(J($BN$8+8-<#(J, $BFsLZN)(J, $B0KEl7IJ8!'(J1996,$B!X8xE*2p8nJ]81$K0[5D$"$j!Y(J, $B%_%M%k%t%!=qK<(J, $B5~ET(J, $B7G:\(J), pp. 79-87$B$r;2>H(J)$B!#(J
¹⁹⁹ $B9-0fNIE5!'(JIbid., p. 71$B!!F1=q$O!"2f$,9q$N0eNEJ]81@)EY$N:GBg$NFCD'$H$7$F!VJ]8186M}$H@G$N86M}$,^UA30lBN$H$J$C$F$$$k$3$H!W$r;XE&$7$F$$$k!#!V!W$N;EAH$_$G$"$j!"3n$D!"85Mh!V8x(J ($BK!(J) $BE*$J!W86M}$K4p$E$/@-3J$N$b$N$G$"$k$H$9$k!#(J
²⁰⁰ $B7{K!Bh(J25$B>rBh(J1$B9`!V$9$Y$F$N9qL1$O!"7r9/$GJ82=E*$J:GDc8BEY$N@83h$r1D$`8"Mx$rM-$9$k!W(J
²⁰¹ $B9-0fNIE5!'(JIbid., p. 158$B!!$3$NE@$K4X$7!"F1=q$O!"!V2p8n%7%9%F%`$r$a$0$C$F$N8=:_$N$o$,9q$N5DO@$KJ2p8nJ]81@)EY;\9T=`Hw<<4F=$!?A}ED2mD*Cx!'(JIbid., p. 54)$B!#(J
²⁰² $B$H$j$o$1!"CTJr@-O7?M$NMW2p8nG'Dj$NLdBj$K$D$$$F$O!"$J$*9MN8$5$l$k$Y$-LdBj$bB?$$!#$3$&$7$?Ev;v2A$NLdBj$r$a$0$C$F$OJ:n@.$N%3%s%T%e!<%?!<%=%U%H$N(J1$BI$N9bNp $B!!$J$*!"I.O$G$b=R$Y$?$h$&$K!V<+N'!W$J$$$7!V<+N'@-!W$K$O!"2?$i$+$N!VDxEY!W$,B8:_$9$k$H$O?d;!$9$k$b$N$N!"2L$?$7$F!"2fB9;R;T$N$h$&$JI>2AJ}K!$,??$K(J "$B8xJ?(J"$B$J$k$b$N$G$"$k$N$+!"NQM}E*!&F;FAE*$JH=CG$r2<$9$K$O!"0lAX9-HO$J5DO@$,I,MW$G$"$k$H9M$($k$b$N$G$"$k!#(J
²⁰³ $BEl5~ET9bNp$B!X2p8n$r ($B%Q%s%U%l%C%HBh(J4$BHG(J) $BCf$N?^!V2p8n$,I,MW$K$J$C$?$i!&!&!&MxMQ$N$7$/$_!W$r;2>H$7$?>e$G!"I.
²⁰⁴ $B8|@8>J2p8nJ]81@)EY;\9T=`Hw<<4F=$!?A}ED2mD*Cx!'(JIbid., p. 159
²⁰⁵ $BF1>e(J, pp. 54-55
²⁰⁶ $B%"%;%9%a%s%H(J ($B2]BjJ,@O(J) $B$G$O!"MxMQuBV$dF|>o@83hF0:nG=NO!"2HB2$N>uBV!"2p8n%5!<%S%9$N%K!<%:Ey$NE*3N$JGD0.Ey$,9T$o$l$k!#(J
²⁰⁷ $B%1%"%W%i%s(J ($B2p8n%5!<%S%97W2h(J) $B$H$O!"MW2p8nu67!"@83h4D6-Ey$r4*0F$7!"%5!<%S%9$Nl9g$K$O!V5oBp%5!<%S%97W2h!W!";\@_%5!<%S%9$N>l9g$K$O!V;\@_%5!<%S%97W2h!W$H8F$P$l$F$$$k!#(J
²⁰⁸ $B8|@8>J2p8nJ]81@)EY;\9T=`Hw<<4F=$!?A}ED2mD*Cx!'(JIbid., p. 38$BCf!V?^(J4$B!W$r;2>H$7$?>e$G!"I.
²⁰⁹ $B1JED5WH~;R!'(JIbid., p. 45$B!!$J$*!"!VK\Ev$O0U;W$d4j$$$r$?$/$5$sHk$a$F$$$k$N$K!"<+$i$N7hDj$duBV$,$&$^$l!"$&$^$/0MB8$7$J$,$i
²¹⁰ $B$3$&$7$?LdBj$K4X$7$F!"!V%1%"$r$&$1B>uBV$,$&$^$l!"$&$^$/0MB8$7$J$,$iC6KE*$J?N7CE*;Y1g(J ($B.8B$NEv;v/$7$G$b8+=P$5$l$?>l9g!"$=$N<+N'@-$r>5G'$9$k$3$H$G!"$"$/$^$G$bEv;v
²¹¹ $B@nB<6)M3!'(JIbid., p. 39
²¹² $B@nB<6)M3!'(JIbid., p. 41$B!V?^I=(J4-6$B!W$h$j!#(J

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²¹⁴ $B
²¹⁵ $B?7F#=!9,!'(J1996,$B!XJ!;c9T@/$H41N=@)!Y(J, $B4dGH=qE9(J, $BEl5~(J, pp. 46-52
²¹⁶ $BK\O@Cf$K$*$$$F>e=R$7$?$h$&$K!"8=:_!"O7?M%[!<%`Ey$N;\@_$X$NF~=jA
²¹⁷ $BT"Ip515W!'(JIbid, pp. 94-95
²¹⁸ $BAmM}I\!'(J"$BCOJ}J,8"?d?J0Q0w2qBh(J5$Bhttp://www.sorifu.go.jp/council/bunken/5ji/>
²¹⁹ $BAmM}I\!'(J"$BCOJ}J,8"?d?J0Q0w2qBh(J4$Bhttp://www.sorifu.go.jp/whitepaper/bunken/4ji/hajime.html> $B!!$J$*!"F1J8=q$G$O!"!VD4::?35D$N2aDx$GCOJ}8x6&CDBNB&$+$iDs=P$5$l$?MWK>$b!"$=$NKX$I$,9q$N4XM?$K4X$9$kLdBj$G$"$C$?!W$H8@5Z$5$l$F$$$k!#(J
²²⁰ $B7s;R?N(J, $BB<>e=g!'(J1994,$B!XCOJ}J,8"!Y(J, $B90J8F2(J, $BEl5~(J, pp. 84-85
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²²⁹ $BAmM}I\!'(J <$B>e7G(JURL> $B!!$J$*!"F14+9p;~!"8|@8>J$O!VO7?MJ]7r;\@_$N3+@_5v2D5Z$S;XDjO7?MK,Ld4G8n;v6H$7$r9T$&$K:]$7!"
²³⁰ $BF1>e(J, p.32-33$B!!$J$*!"F1=q$O!"$3$&$7$?@/:v>e$NO@M}$,@8$^$l$?e2]Bj$H$5$l$?$3$H$r5s$2$F$$$k!#$7$+$7$J$,$i!"9q$NJ!;cJd=u6b(J (=$BIiC46b(J) $B$N:o8:$K$O!"EvA3$K!"COJ}<+<#BN$N:b8;$NA}Bg!&6/2=(J ($BCOJ}8rIU@G8rIU6b$NA}3[Ey$N!VJd=u6b!W$N0lHL:b8;2=(J) $B$,BP1~$5$l$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!#F1=q$O!"$3$NE@$,==J,$KJd$o$l$J$$$^$^!"9q$N:b@/@UG$$,[#Kf$K$J$C$?$3$H$r;XE&$7$F$$$k!#(J
²³¹ $B$3$N(J2$Be$N=u8@$rF@$?!VETF;I\8)!W$,!"J]81 $B!!$7$+$7$J$,$i!"K\O@$K$*$$$F$O!"%5!<%S%9<{5k$N5!G=$H@UG$$N:_$jJ}$rL@3N$KB*$($k$?$a!"4:$($FC1=c2=$5$l$?!V9q!W(J-$B!VCO0h(J ($B;TD.B<$J$$$78x6&CDBN(J)$B!W(J-$B!V%1%"!&%5!<%S%9Ev;ve$2$k$b$N$G$"$k!#(J
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